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For the community in the United States, see Mulch, Virginia. A mulch is a layer of material applied to the surface of soil. Reasons for applying mulch include conservation of soil moisture, improving fertility and health of the soil, reducing weed growth and enhancing the visual appeal of the area. A mulch is usually, but not exclusively, organic in nature. It may be permanent (e.g. plastic sheeting) or temporary (e.g. bark chips). It may be applied to bare soil or around existing plants. Mulches of manure or compost will be incorporated naturally into the soil by the activity of worms and other organisms. The process is used both in commercial crop production and in gardening, and when applied correctly, can dramatically improve soil productivity. [1] Contents 1 Uses 2 Materials 2.1 Organic mulches 2.1.1 Leaves 2.1.2 Grass clippings 2.1.3 Peat moss 2.1.4 Wood chips 2.1.5 Woodchip mulch 2.1.6 Bark chips 2.1.7 Straw mulch / field hay / salt hay 2.1.8 Cardboard / newspaper 2.

"Farming" redirects here. For other uses, see Farming (disambiguation). Harvesting wheat with a combine harvester accompanied by a tractor and trailer Agriculture is the cultivation of land and breeding of animals and plants to provide food, fiber, medicinal plants and other products to sustain and enhance life. [1] Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science. The history of agriculture dates back thousands of years; people gathered wild grains at least 105,000 years ago and began to plant them around 11,500 years ago before they became domesticated. Pigs, sheep, and cattle were domesticated over 10,000 years ago. Crops originate from at least 11 regions of the world. Industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture has in the past century come to dominate agricultural ou