Île-de-France




Region in France































Île-de-France

Region

Île-de-France in France 2016.svg
Country
 France
Prefecture
Paris
Departments

Government
 • President

Valérie Pécresse (LR)
Area
 • Total
12,012 km2 (4,638 sq mi)
Population (Jan. 2014)[1]
 • Total
12,005,077
 • Density
1,000/km2 (2,600/sq mi)
Time zone
UTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)
UTC+2 (CEST)
ISO 3166 code
FR-IDF

GDP (2016)[2]

Ranked 1st
Total
€681 billion (US$850 bn)
Per capita
€56,000 (US$70,000)
NUTS Region
FR1
Website
iledefrance.fr

Île-de-France (/ˌl də-/; French: [il də fʁɑ̃s] (About this sound listen), "Island of France"), also known as the région parisienne ("Parisian Region"), is one of the 18 regions of France and includes the city of Paris. It covers 12,012 square kilometres (4,638 square miles) and has its own regional council and president. It has a population of 12,005,077 as of January 2014, equivalent to 18.2% of the population of France.[1]


The region is made up of eight administrative departments: Paris, Essonne, Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis, Seine-et-Marne, Val-de-Marne, Val-d'Oise and Yvelines. Created as the "District of the Paris Region" in 1961, it was renamed after the historic province of Île-de-France in 1976 when its administrative status was aligned with the other French administrative regions created in 1972. Residents are sometimes referred to as Franciliens, an administrative word created in the 1980s.


The GDP of the region in 2016 was €681 billion (or $850 billion USD at market exchange rates). It has the highest per-capita GDP among regions in France and the third-highest of regions in the European Union. In 2014, thirty companies from the Fortune Global 500 had their headquarters in the Paris region.




Contents





  • 1 Etymology


  • 2 History


  • 3 Geography

    • 3.1 Departments



  • 4 Economy


  • 5 Regional government and politics

    • 5.1 Holders of the executive office


    • 5.2 Political tendencies



  • 6 Demographics

    • 6.1 Petite Couronne


    • 6.2 Grande Couronne


    • 6.3 Historical population


    • 6.4 Immigration



  • 7 International relations

    • 7.1 Twin regions



  • 8 See also


  • 9 Notes


  • 10 References


  • 11 External links




Etymology


Although the modern name Île-de-France literally means "Island of France", the etymology is in fact unclear. The "island" may refer to the land between the rivers Oise, Marne and Seine, or it may also have been a reference to the Île de la Cité, in which case "Island of France" was originally a pars pro toto or perhaps a metonym.


Yet another possibility is that the term is a corruption of a hypothesized Frankish language term Liddle Franke meaning "Little France" or "little Frankish land", so the modern reference to an "island" may be coincidental. However, this theory might be anachronistic, since the name L'Île-de-France (including the definite article) is not documented prior to 1387.



History




French Royal flag, sometimes used unofficially as a flag for the region[a]



The ancient regime Isle of France (then referred as such in English) is one of the historical provinces of France, and the one at the centre of power during most of French history.


The province was centred on Paris, seat of the Crown of France. The area around Paris was the original personal domain of the King of France, as opposed to areas ruled by feudal lords of whom he was the suzerain. This is reflected by divisions such as the Vexin Français and the Vexin Normand, the former being within the King of France's domain, the latter being within the Duke of Normandy's fief.


The old provinces were abolished during the French Revolution in the late 18th century and divided between newly devised subdivisions called departments. An area not entirely corresponding to the historical Île-de-France province was created in 1959 as district de la région de Paris ("District of the Paris Region").


The district was reconstituted as the Île-de-France region on 6 May 1976 and increased administrative and political powers devolved in the process of regionalisation in the 1980s and 1990s.


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Traditional counties of the province of Île-de-France




The modern departements covered by the historical Île-de-France




Modern region of Île-de-France and departements





Geography




Nature of Île-de-France: view of Fontainebleau Forest.


Île-de-France has a land area of 12,011 km2 (4,637 sq mi). It is composed of eight departments centered on its innermost department and capital, Paris. Around the department of Paris, urbanization fills a first concentric ring of three departments commonly known as the petite couronne ("small ring"), and extends into a second outer ring of four departments known as the grande couronne ("large ring"). The former department of Seine, abolished in 1968, included the city proper and parts of the petite couronne.


The petite couronne consists of the departments of Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis, and Val-de-Marne, and the grande couronne of those of Seine-et-Marne, Yvelines, Essonne, and Val-d'Oise.


The river Seine runs through the region. The Seine has many tributaries, including the rivers Oise and Aube. It is France's second largest river after the Loire. The region is in an area of lowland called the Paris Basin. South of this region lies the Massif Central, an area of highlands that are higher than the surrounding countryside but far lower than the Alps.



Departments


Île-de-France comprises 8 departments : Paris, Essonne, Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis, Seine-et-Marne, Val-de-Marne, Val-d'Oise, Yvelines.



Economy


The Paris region is France's premier center of economic activity, with a 2016 gross domestic product (GDP) of €681 billion (US$850 billion). In 2011, its GDP ranked second among the regions of Europe and its per-capita GDP was the fourth-highest in Europe.[3][4] While the Paris region's population accounted for 18.8% of metropolitan France in 2011,[5] the Paris region's GDP accounted for 30.1% of metropolitan France's GDP.[6] It hosts the world headquarters of thirty Fortune Global 500 companies.[7]


The regional economy has been gradually shifting towards high-value-added service industries (finance, IT services, etc.) and high-tech manufacturing (electronics, optics, aerospace, etc.).[8]


The Paris region's most intense economic activity takes place in the central Hauts-de-Seine department and suburban La Défense business district, in a triangle between the Opéra Garnier, La Défense and the Val de Seine.[8] While the Paris economy is dominated by services, and employment in manufacturing sector has declined sharply, the region remains an important manufacturing centre, particularly for the aeronautics, automotive, and "eco" industries.[8]


The per-capita income of the region is the largest of NUTS-1 Regions in the European Union and is third per capita after Luxembourg and Brussels with $71 126.[9]


Tourism in Paris is a major component of the regional economy, since the region includes both Paris and Disneyland Paris. The Paris region received 32,300,000 visitors in 2013, putting the region just ahead of London as the world's top tourist destination region, measured by hotel occupancy. The largest numbers of foreign tourists to the Paris region came in order from the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, Italy and China.[10]


According to the 2011 French Census, 59.0% of the regional workforce is in commerce, transportation, and market services: 26.8% worked in non-market services (public administration, education, human health and social work activities); 8.6% worked in manufacturing, mining, and utilities; 5.3% worked in construction; and 0.3% worked in agriculture.[11]




Median income in the Île-de-France Region, 2010


The majority of the region's salaried employees fill 370,000 businesses services jobs, concentrated in the north-western 8th, 16th and 17th arrondissements.[12] Paris' financial service companies are concentrated in the central-western 8th and 9th arrondissement banking and insurance district.[12] Paris' department store district in the 1st, 6th, 8th and 9th arrondissements employs 10% of mostly female Paris workers, with 100 000 of these registered in the retail trade.[12] Fourteen% of Parisians work in hotels and restaurants and other services to individuals.[12] 19% of the Parisian workforce work for the state in either administration or education. The majority of Paris' health care and social workers work at the hospitals and social housing concentrated in the peripheral 13th, 14th, 18th, 19th and 20th arrondissements.[12] Outside Paris, the western Hauts-de-Seine department La Défense district specialising in finance, insurance and scientific research district is the largest dedicated business district in all of Europe and employs more than 150 000 as of 2012[update] and estimated to reach 200 000 by 2015 and 300 000 by 2019.[8] and the north-eastern Seine-Saint-Denis audiovisual sector has 200 media firms and ten major film studios.[8]


Paris' manufacturing is centred in its suburbs: the city itself has 75 000 workers employed in manufacturing; with most of these in the textile, clothing, leather goods and shoe trades.[8] Paris region manufacturing specialises in transportation, mainly automobiles, aircraft and trains, but this is in a sharp decline: Paris proper manufacturing jobs dropped by 64% between 1990-2010, and the Paris region lost 48% during the same period. Most of this is due to companies relocating outside the Paris region. The Paris region's 800 aerospace companies employed 100 000.[8] Four hundred automotive companies employ another 100 000 workers; many of these are in the Yvelines department around the Renault and PSA-Citroën plants (this department alone employs 33 000),[8] but the industry as a whole suffered a major loss[clarification needed] with the closure in 2014 of a major Aulnay-sous-Bois Citroën assembly plant.[8]


The southern Essonne department specialises in science and technology,[8] and the south-eastern Val-de-Marne, with its wholesale Rungis food market, specialises in food processing and beverages.[8] The Paris region's manufacturing decline is quickly being replaced by eco-industries: these employ about 100 000 workers.[8] In 2011, while only 56 927 construction workers worked in Paris itself,[13] its metropolitan area employed 246 639,[11] in an activity centred largely around the Seine-Saint-Denis (41 378)[14] and Hauts-de-Seine (37 303)[15] departments and the new business-park centres appearing there.



Regional government and politics




Seat of the regional council of Île-de-France in Paris (2008)


The Regional Council is the legislative body of the region. Its seat is in Paris, at 33 rue Barbet-de-Jouy in the 7th arrondissement. On December 15, 2015, a list of candidates of the Union of the Right, a coalition of centrist and right-wing parties, led by Valérie Pécresse, narrowly won the regional election, defeating the Union of the Left, a coalition of socialists and ecologists. The socialists had governed the region for the preceding seventeen years.
In 2016, the new regional council will have 121 members from the Union of the Right, 66 from the Union of the Left and 22 from the far-right National Front.[16]



Holders of the executive office


  • Delegates General for the District of the Paris Region
    • 1961–1969: Paul Delouvrier (civil servant) – Very influential term. Responsible for the creation of the RER express subway network in the Île-de-France and beyond.

    • 1969–1975: Maurice Doublet (civil servant)

    • 1975–1976: Lucien Lanier (civil servant)


  • Presidents of the Regional Council of Île-de-France
    • 1976–1988: Michel Giraud (RPR politician) – (1st time)

    • 1988–1992: Pierre-Charles Krieg (RPR politician)

    • 1992–1998: Michel Giraud (RPR politician) – (2nd time)

    • 1998-2015: Jean-Paul Huchon (PS)

    • 2016- Valérie Pécresse (Union of the Centre-Right)



Political tendencies






















Election
Union for a Popular Movement (centre-right)
Socialist Party (centre-left)
2012 Presidential election (2nd round)46.68% (Nicolas Sarkozy)
53.32 % (François Hollande)
Regional Council (2010)67 (UMP-UDI-DVD)
142 (PS-PRG-EELV-PCF-MRC-DVG)
Departmental Council (2015)53
Deputies (2012)44
53
Senators (2011)23
30


Demographics


Paris's demographic development, represented by the Paris Metropolitan Area, fills most of the Île-de-France: its central built-up area, or pôle urbain ("urban cluster"[17]) extends beyond the Île-de-France's inner three petite couronne departments, and this is surrounded by a commuter belt "rim"[18] that extends beyond the Region's four outer grande couronne departments in places.





































































Departments of Île-de-France and their populations (INSEE 2011 census)

Paris metropolitan area.gif

concentric areadepartmentpopulation
(Jan. 2011 estimate)[19]
areapopulation
density

annual
pop. growth
2006–2011[19]

the centreParis (75)2 249 975105 km²21 428/km²+0.62%
the inner ring
(petite couronne)
Hauts-de-Seine (92)1 581 628176 km²8 987/km²+0.59%
Seine-Saint-Denis (93)1 529 928236 km²6 483/km²+0.50%
Val-de-Marne (94)1 333 702245 km²5 444/km²+0.54%
subtotal for the inner ring4 445 258657 km²6 766/km²
+0.54%
the outer ring
(grande couronne)
Seine-et-Marne (77)1 338 4275 915 km²226/km²+1.00%
Yvelines (78)1 413 6352 284 km²619/km²+0.25%
Essonne (91)1 225 1911 804 km²679/km²+0.45%
Val-d'Oise (95)1 180 3651 246 km²947/km²+0.40%
subtotal for the outer ring5 157 61811 249 km²458/km²
+0.52%
Total 11 852 85112 011 km²987/km²
+0.55%


Petite Couronne





Map of the Petite Couronne with Paris




Locator map showing the municipalities in which the Petite Couronne is divided. Paris is divided into its 20 arrondissements


The Petite Couronne[20] (Little Crown, i.e. Inner Ring) is the hub of the urban agglomeration of Paris. It is formed by the 3 departments of Île-de-France bordering with the French capital and forming a geographical crown around it. The departments, until 1968 part of the disbanded Seine department, are Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne. The most populated towns of the Petite Couronne are Boulogne-Billancourt, Montreuil, Saint-Denis, Nanterre and Créteil.


The Métropole du Grand Paris is an administrative structure that comprises Paris and the three departments of the Petite Couronne, plus seven additional communes in the Grande Couronne.


The table below shows some statistical information about the area including Paris:






























Department
Area (km²)
Population (2011)[19]
Municipalities

Paris (75)

105.4


2 249 975


1 (Paris)


Hauts-de-Seine (92)

176


1 581 628


36 (list)


Seine-Saint-Denis (93)

236


1 529 928


40 (list)


Val-de-Marne (94)

245


1 333 702


47 (list)


Petite Couronne

657


4 445 258


123


Paris + Petite Couronne

762.4


6 695 233


124


Grande Couronne


The Grande Couronne[21] (Greater Crown, i.e. Outer Ring) includes the towns of the metropolitan area part of the other 4 departments of Île-de-France not bordering with Paris. They are Seine-et-Marne (77), Yvelines (78), Essonne (91) and Val-d'Oise (95). The latter three departments formed the Seine-et-Oise department until this was disbanded in 1968. The city of Versailles is part of this area.



Historical population











































































Population of Île-de-France
1801
census
1806
census
1821
census
1826
census
1831
census
1836
census
1841
census
1846
census
1851
census
1856
census
1861
census
1866
census
1 352 2801 407 2721 549 8111 780 9001 707 1811 882 3541 998 8622 180 1002 239 6952 552 9802 819 0453 039 043
1872
census
1876
census
1881
census
1886
census
1891
census
1896
census
1901
census
1906
census
1911
census
1921
census
1926
census
1931
census
3 141 7303 320 1623 726 1183 934 3144 126 9324 368 6564 735 5804 960 3105 335 2205 682 5986 146 1786 705 579
1936
census
1946
census
1954
census
1962
census
1968
census
1975
census
1982
census
1990
census
1999
census
2006
census
2011
census
2014
estimate
6 785 7506 597 7587 317 0638 470 0159 248 6319 878 56510 073 05910 660 55410 952 01111 532 39811 852 85112 005 077

Census returns until 2011; official January estimates from INSEE from 2012 on.


Immigration






































2012 Census Paris Region[22][23]
Country/territory of birthPopulation

France Metropolitan France
9,115,215

Algeria Algeria
289,826

Portugal Portugal
241,385

Morocco Morocco
227,903

Tunisia Tunisia
109,349

Unofficial flag of Guadeloupe (local).svg Guadeloupe
80,402

Drapeau aux serpents de la Martinique.svg Martinique
76,586

Turkey Turkey
69,338

China China
61,806

Mali Mali
55,466

Italy Italy
55,057

Ivory Coast Côte d'Ivoire
48,532

Senegal Senegal
46,365

Spain Spain
46,359

Democratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of Congo
42,872

Poland Poland
39,482









































Other countries/territories

Romania Romania
38,865

Cameroon Cameroon
38,093

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka
36,918

Vietnam Vietnam
36,084

Haiti Haiti
33,417

Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo
33,223

Cambodia Cambodia
32,120
 Blason Réunion DOM.svg Réunion
30,341

Serbia Serbia
27,317

India India
24,318

Germany Germany
22,880

Mauritius Mauritius
19,903

Lebanon Lebanon
19,616

United Kingdom United Kingdom
19,029

Madagascar Madagascar
18,504

United States United States
18,117

Russia Russia
16,493

Pakistan Pakistan
16,055

Belgium Belgium
14,942

United Nations Other countries and territories
795,871

Paris and the Île-de-France region hosts one of the largest concentrations of immigrants in Europe. As of 2006[update], about 35% of people (4,000,000 people) living in the region were either immigrant (17%) or born to at least one immigrant parent (18%).[24]


At the 2010 census, 23.0% of the total population in the Île-de-France region had been born outside Metropolitan France, up from 19.7% at the 1999 census.[25]



International relations




Twin regions


Île-de-France is twinned with:



  • Spain Comunidad de Madrid in Spain (since 2000)


  • Armenia Yerevan in Armenia (since 2011)[26]


  • Vietnam Hanoi in Vietnam (since 2013)[27]


See also


  • List of European regions by GDP

  • Véligo


Notes




  1. ^ The flag is the France Moderne coat of arms (a simplified version of the France Ancien reduced the number of fleurs-de-lis to three), emblem of the French Monarchy, symbole of Île-de-France's prominence.




References




  1. ^ ab INSEE. "Estimation de population au 1er janvier, par région, sexe et grande classe d'âge – Année 2014" (in French). Retrieved 2015-03-29. 


  2. ^ Eurostat. "2016 GDP per capita in 276 EU regions". Retrieved 2016-10-07. 


  3. ^ INSEE statistics on GDPs of European regions


  4. ^ "The Most Dynamic Cities of 2025". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 2 November 2014. 


  5. ^ "Estimation de population au 1er janvier, par région, sexe et grande classe d'âge". Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (in French). Retrieved 5 May 2013. 


  6. ^ "Produits Intérieurs Bruts Régionaux (PIBR) en valeur en millions d'euros" (XLS) (in French). INSEE. Retrieved 5 May 2013. 


  7. ^ Fortune. "Global Fortune 500". Retrieved 17 November 2014. 


  8. ^ abcdefghijkl "L'Industrie en Île-de-France, Principaux Indicateurs Régionaux" (PDF). INSEE. Retrieved 24 November 2014. 


  9. ^ (in French)GDP per capita of french departments in 2005 ranks second in Europe after


  10. ^ "Paris named as the world's top tourist destination". Daily Mail. Retrieved 28 November 2014. 


  11. ^ ab "EMP2 - Emplois au lieu de travail par sexe, statut et secteur d'activité économique - Aire urbaine 2010 de Paris (001)" (in French). INSEE. Retrieved 17 November 2014. 


  12. ^ abcde "Île-de-France - A la Page Nº288 - INSEE 2007" (PDF) (Press release). November 2007. Retrieved 24 November 2014. 


  13. ^ "Emplois au lieu de travail - Département de Paris (75)". INSEE. 


  14. ^ "EMP2 - Emplois au lieu de travail par sexe, statut et secteur d'activité économique - Département de la Seine-Saint-Denis (93)" (in French). INSEE. Retrieved 17 November 2014. 


  15. ^ "EMP2 - Emplois au lieu de travail par sexe, statut et secteur d'activité économique - Département des Hauts-de-Seine (92)" (in French). INSEE. Retrieved 17 November 2014. 


  16. ^ Île-de-France Region official site. "Results of 2015 Regional Elections". Retrieved 16 December 2015. 


  17. ^ INSEE - Definitions and Methods - Pôle Urbain


  18. ^ INSEE - Definitions and Methods - Couronne


  19. ^ abc INSEE. "Estimation de population au 1er janvier, par département, sexe et grande classe d'âge – Année 2011" (in French). Retrieved 2014-02-20. 


  20. ^ (in French) CIG "Petite Couronne" website (Centre Interdépartemental de Gestion)


  21. ^ (in French) CIG "Grande Couronne" website (Centre Interdépartemental de Gestion)


  22. ^ INSEE. "Données harmonisées des recensements de la population de 1968 à 2012" (in French). Retrieved 19 November 2015. 


  23. ^ INSEE. "Les immigrés par sexe, âge et pays de naissance - Région d'Île-de-France (11)" (in French). Retrieved 2015-11-19. 


  24. ^ Les descendants d'immigrés vivant en Île-de-France Archived 28 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine., IAU Idf, Note rapide Société, n° 531


  25. ^ "Fichier Données harmonisées des recensements de la population de 1968 à 2010" (in French). INSEE. Retrieved 25 November 2013. 


  26. ^ "Yerevan - Partner Cities". Yerevan Municipality Official Website. Technology Management Center of Yerevan. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2013. 


  27. ^ "Hanoi strengthens ties with Ile-de-France". Voice of Vietnam. Retrieved 2018-05-04. 



External links







  • Paris Region Map, The interactive economic map of Paris Region


  • Regional Council of Île-de-France (in French)


  • Île-de-France at Curlie (based on DMOZ)



Coordinates: 48°30′N 2°30′E / 48.500°N 2.500°E / 48.500; 2.500









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