Gtjkyu

This is a list of cities and/or their metropolitan areas in the world by GDP. The methodology may differ between the studies and are widely based on projections and sometimes approximate estimations, notably for non-OECD cities (refer to sources for more information.)

City/Metropolitan area	Country/Region	UNSD sub‑region^[1]	Official est. Nominal GDP ($BN)	Brookings Institution^[2] 2014 est. PPP-adjusted GDP ($BN)	PwC^[3] 2008 est. PPP-adjusted GDP ($BN)	McKinsey^[4] 2010 est. Nominal GDP ($BN)	Other est. Nominal GDP ($BN)
Aachen-Liège	Belgium	Western Europe		7001997000000000000♠99.7
Aberdeen	United Kingdom	Northern Europe	7001113000000000000♠11.3 (2008)^[5]
Abidjan	Ivory Coast	Africa			7001130000000000000♠13
Abu Dhabi	United Arab Emirates	Western Asia	7002119000000000000♠119^[6]	7002178300000000000♠178.3		7001671009999900000♠67.1
Addis Ababa	Ethiopia	Africa			7001120000000000000♠12
Adelaide	Australia	Oceania	7001591000000000000♠59.1 (2015–16)^[7]	7001474000000000000♠47.4
Ahmedabad	India	South Asia			7001590000000000000♠59	7001220000000000000♠22
Akron	United States	North America	7001373009999900000♠37.300 (2016)^[8]	7001328009999900000♠32.8
Albany	United States	North America	7001523390000000000♠52.339 (2016)^[8]	7001584000000000000♠58.4
Albuquerque	United States	North America	7001432500000000000♠43.250 (2016)^[8]	7001399000000000000♠39.9
Alexandria	Egypt	Africa		7001324000000000000♠32.4	7001460000000000000♠46
Algiers	Algeria	Africa			7001450000000000000♠45
Allentown	United States	North America	7001427000000000000♠42.700 (2016)^[8]	7001373009999900000♠37.3
Almaty	Kazakhstan	East Asia		7001531000000000000♠53.1
Amsterdam	Netherlands	Western Europe	7002154000000000000♠154.0 (2015)^[9]	7002320600000000000♠320.6^{[Note 1]}	7001470000000000000♠47
Anápolis	Brazil	South America	7000674000000000000♠6.740 (2011)^[10]
Ankara	Turkey	Western Asia		7002104900000000000♠104.9	7001580000000000000♠58	7001649000000000000♠64.9
Anshan	China	East Asia		7001674000000000000♠67.4
Arnhem-Nijmegen	Netherlands	Western Europe	7001279000000000000♠27.9 (2016)^[9]	7001444000000000000♠44.4
Athens	Greece	Southern Europe	7001937000000000000♠93.7 (2015)^[9]	7002129600000000000♠129.6	7001960000000000000♠96
Atlanta	United States	North America	7002363767999900000♠363.768 (2016)^[8]	7002294390000000000♠294.4	7002304000000000000♠304	7002249700000000000♠249.7	7002242400000000000♠242.4^[11]
Auckland	New Zealand	Oceania		7001495000000000000♠49.5	7001550000000000000♠55
Austin	United States	North America	7002135010000099999♠135.010 (2016)^[8]	7002107400000000000♠107.4
Bakersfield	United States	North America	7001351620000000000♠35.162 (2016)^[8]	7001479000000000000♠47.9
Baghdad	Iraq	Western Asia			7001240000000000000♠24
Baltimore	United States	North America	7002187395000000000♠187.395 (2016)^[8]	7002173700000000000♠173.7	7002137000000000000♠137		7002118100000000000♠118.1^[11]
Bandung	Indonesia	South-East Asia			7001210000000000000♠21
Bangalore	India	South Asia		7001451000000000000♠45.1	7001690000000000000♠69	7001286000000000000♠28.6
Bangkok	Thailand	South-East Asia		7002306800000000000♠306.8	7002119000000000000♠119	7002105000000000000♠105.0
Baotou	China	East Asia	7001408009999900000♠40.8 (2017) ^[12]	7001941000000000000♠94.1
Barcelona	Spain	Southern Europe	7002167800000000000♠167.8 (2015)^[9]	7002171000000000000♠171.0	7002177000000000000♠177
Basel-Mulhouse	Switzerland	Western Europe		7001562000000000000♠56.2
Baton Rouge	United States	North America	7001511490000000000♠51.149 (2014)^[8]	7001535000000000000♠53.5
Beijing	China	East Asia	7002441400000000000♠441.4 (2017)^[13]	7002506100000000000♠506.1	7002166000000000000♠166	7002206200000000000♠206.2
Belfast	United Kingdom	Northern Europe	7001255000000000000♠25.5 (2015)^[9]
Belgrade	Serbia	Southern Europe	7001174009999900000♠17.4 (2014)^[14]
Belo Horizonte	Brazil	South America	7001549960000000000♠54.996 (2011)^[10]	7001847000000000000♠84.7	7001610000000000000♠61	7001785000000000000♠78.5
Berlin	Germany	Western Europe	7002215200000000000♠215.2 (2015)^[15]	7002157690000000000♠157.7	7001950000000000000♠95
Bielefeld-Detmold	Germany	Western Europe		7001505000000000000♠50.5
Bilbao	Spain	Southern Europe	7001369000000000000♠36.9 (2015)^[9]	7001385000000000000♠38.5
Birmingham	United Kingdom	Northern Europe	7001818000000000000♠81.8 (2016)^[9]	7002121100000000000♠121.1	7001900000000000000♠90
Birmingham, Alabama	United States	North America	7001627580000000000♠62.758 (2016)^[8]	7001541640000000000♠54.164
Bogotá	Colombia	South America		7002159900000000000♠159.9	7002100000000000000♠100		7002221100000000000♠221.1 (2015)
Bologna	Italy	Southern Europe	7001434000000000000♠43.4 (2015)^[9]	7001363009999900000♠36.3
Bordeaux	France	Western Europe	7001559000000000000♠55.9 (2015)^[9]	7001402000000000000♠40.2
Boston	United States	North America	7002422660000000000♠422.660 (2016)^[8]	7002360100000000000♠360.1	7002363000000000000♠363		7002261100000000000♠261.1^[11]
Brasília	Brazil	South America	7002164482000000000♠164.482 (2011)^[10]	7002141900000000000♠141.9	7002110000000000000♠110	7002101600000000000♠101.6
Braunschweig-Wolfsburg	Germany	Western Europe		7001455000000000000♠45.5
Bremen	Germany	Western Europe	7001304000000000000♠30.4 (2015)^[15]	7001479000000000000♠47.9
Bridgeport	United States	North America	7002102401000000000♠102.401 (2016)^[8]	7001700000000000000♠70.0
Brisbane	Australia	Oceania	7002120600000000000♠120.6 (2015–16)^[16]	7001966000000000000♠96.6
Bristol	United Kingdom	Northern Europe	7001515000000000000♠51.5 (2016)^[9]	7001477000000000000♠47.7
Brussels	Belgium	Western Europe	7002144359000000000♠144.359 (2016)^[9]	7002254300000000000♠254.3	7001830000000000000♠83
Bucharest	Romania	Eastern Europe	7001494070000099999♠49.407 (2016)^[9]	7001724000000000000♠72.4
Budapest	Hungary	Eastern Europe	7001585000000000000♠58.5 (2016)^[9]	7001980000000000000♠98.0	7001530000000000000♠53
Buenos Aires	Argentina	South America		7002315890000000000♠315.9	7002362000000000000♠362	7002191700000000000♠191.7
Buffalo	United States	North America	7001580620000000000♠58.062 (2016)^[8]	7001727000000000000♠72.7
Bursa	Turkey	Western Asia		7001801009999900000♠80.1
Busan	South Korea	East Asia		7002296500000000000♠296.5	7002121000000000000♠121
Cairo	Egypt	Africa		7002102200000000000♠102.2	7002145000000000000♠145
Calgary	Canada	North America		7001979000000000000♠97.9
Cambridge	United Kingdom	Northern Europe					7001186000000000000♠18.6^[17]
Campinas	Brazil	South America	7001405250000000000♠40.525 (2011)^[10]	7001593000000000000♠59.3
Campo Grande	Brazil	South America	7000921100000000000♠9.211 (2011)^[10]
Campos dos Goytacazes	Brazil	South America	7001161740000000000♠16.174 (2011)^[10]
Cape Town	South Africa	Africa		7001589000000000000♠58.9	7002103000000000000♠103
Caracas	Venezuela	South America		7001518000000000000♠51.8	7001410000000000000♠41	7001920000000000000♠92^[18]
Cardiff-Newport	United Kingdom	Northern Europe	7001337000000000000♠33.7 (2016)^[9]	7001360000000000000♠36.0
Casablanca	Morocco	Africa		7001379000000000000♠37.9	7001330000000000000♠33
Changchun	China	East Asia	7001967000000000000♠96.7 (2017) ^[12]	7002124500000000000♠124.5	7001260000000000000♠26
Changsha	China	East Asia	7002156000000000000♠156.0 (2017) ^[12]	7002186400000000000♠186.4		7001403009999900000♠40.3
Changzhou	China	East Asia	7001981000000000000♠98.1 (2017) ^[12]	7002110900000000000♠110.9		7001343009999900000♠34.3
Charlotte	United States	North America	7002163637000000000♠163.637 (2016)^[8]	7002126200000000000♠126.2
Chengdu	China	East Asia	7002205700000000000♠205.7 (2017) ^[19]	7002233500000000000♠233.5	7001330000000000000♠33	7001578000000000000♠57.8
Chennai	India	South Asia		7001586000000000000♠58.6	7001660000000000000♠66
Chicago	United States	North America	7002651222000000000♠651.222 (2016)^[8]	7002563200000000000♠563.2	7002574000000000000♠574	7002496400000000000♠496.4	7002461400000000000♠461.4^[11]
Chittagong	Bangladesh	South Asia			7001240000000000000♠24
Chongqing	China	East Asia	7002288800000000000♠288.8 (2017) ^[12]	7002315600000000000♠315.6	7001570000000000000♠57	7001886000000000000♠88.6
Cincinnati	United States	North America	7002132010000099999♠132.010 (2016)^[8]	7002110900000000000♠110.9
Cleveland	United States	North America	7002129440000000000♠129.440 (2016)^[8]	7002115100000000000♠115.1	7002112000000000000♠112		7001993000000000000♠99.3^[11]
Columbia	United States	North America	7001400860000000000♠40.086 (2016)^[8]	7001372000000000000♠37.2
Columbus	United States	North America	7002130758000000000♠130.758 (2016)^[8]	7002108900000000000♠108.9
Copenhagen	Denmark	Northern Europe	7002134300000000000♠134.3 (2016)^[9]	7002127000000000000♠127.0^{[Note 2]}	7001490000000000000♠49
Cracow	Poland	Eastern Europe	7001220000000000000♠22.0 (2015)^[9]	7001331000000000000♠33.1
Coventry	United Kingdom	Northern Europe	7000740000000000000♠7.4 (2008)^[5]
Curitiba	Brazil	South America	7001580820000000000♠58.082 (2011)^[10]	7001577000000000000♠57.7	7001440000000000000♠44
Daegu	South Korea	East Asia		7001545000000000000♠54.5	7001430000000000000♠43
Daejeon	South Korea	East Asia		7001396000000000000♠39.6
Dalian	China	East Asia	7002109100000000000♠109.1 (2017) ^[12]	7002198800000000000♠198.8		7001538000000000000♠53.8
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington	United States	North America	7002511606000000000♠511.606 (2016)^[8]	7002412700000000000♠412.7	7002338000000000000♠338	7002324890000000000♠324.9	7002315500000000000♠315.5^[11]
Daqing	China	East Asia	7001397000000000000♠39.7 (2017) ^[12]	7001985000000000000♠98.5
Dayton	United States	North America	7001405720000000000♠40.572 (2016)^[8]	7001375000000000000♠37.5
Dar es Salaam	Tanzania	Africa			7000800000000000000♠8
Delhi	India	South Asia		7002293600000000000♠293.6	7002167000000000000♠167	7001476000000000000♠47.6
Denver	United States	North America	7002197572000000000♠197.572 (2016)^[8]	7002169700000000000♠169.7	7002165000000000000♠165		7002131600000000000♠131.6^[11]
Des Moines	United States	North America	7001502460000000000♠50.246 (2016)^[8]	7001395000000000000♠39.5
Detroit	United States	North America	7002252691000000000♠252.691 (2016)^[8]	7002207500000000000♠207.5	7002253000000000000♠253		7002198600000000000♠198.6^[11]
Dhaka	Bangladesh	South Asia			7001780000000000000♠78	7001290000000000000♠29
Doha	Qatar	Western Asia				7001988000000000000♠98.8
Dongguan	China	East Asia	7002112300000000000♠112.3 (2017) ^[12]	7002141100000000000♠141.1		7001627000000000000♠62.7
Dongying	China	East Asia	7001563000000000000♠56.3 (2017) ^[12]	7001837000000000000♠83.7
Dubai	United Arab Emirates	Western Asia		7001829000000000000♠82.9
Dublin	Ireland	Northern Europe	7002127800000000000♠127.8 (2015)^[9]	7001901000000000000♠90.1	7001610000000000000♠61
Durban	South Africa	Africa		7001489000000000000♠48.9
Durham	United States	North America	7001439080000000000♠43.908 (2016)^[8]	7001370000000000000♠37.0
East Rand	South Africa	Africa		7001553000000000000♠55.3	7001540000000000000♠54
Edinburgh	United Kingdom	Northern Europe	7001418009999900000♠41.8 (2016)^[9]	7001325000000000000♠32.5
Edmonton	Canada	North America		7001830000000000000♠83.0
Eindhoven-Den Bosch	Netherlands	Western Europe		7001915000000000000♠91.5
El Paso	United States	North America	7001286440000000000♠28.644 (2016)^[8]	7001327000000000000♠32.7
Faisalabad	Pakistan	South Asia		7001205500000000000♠20.55^[20]	7001140000000000000♠14
Florence	Italy	Southern Europe	7001401000000000000♠40.1 (2015)^[9]	7001525000000000000♠52.5
Fortaleza	Brazil	South America	7001420100000000000♠42.010 (2011)^[10]	7001352000000000000♠35.2	7001250000000000000♠25
Foshan	China	East Asia	7002141400000000000♠141.4 (2017) ^[12]	7002184500000000000♠184.5		7001835000000000000♠83.5
Frankfurt	Germany	Western Europe		7002230000000000000♠230.0
Fresno	United States	North America	7001404650000000000♠40.465 (2016)^[8]	7001455000000000000♠45.5
Fukuoka–Kitakyushu	Japan	East Asia	7002185000000000000♠185 (2013)^[21]	7002193300000000000♠193.3	7001880000000000000♠88^{[Note 3]}		7002157300000000000♠157.3^[22]
Fuzhou	China	East Asia	7002105200000000000♠105.2 (2017) ^[12]	7002117400000000000♠117.4		7001234000000000000♠23.4
Geneva	Switzerland	Western Europe		7001440000000000000♠44.0
George Town	Malaysia	South-East Asia		7001380000000000000♠38.0
Glasgow	United Kingdom	Northern Europe	7001664000000000000♠66.4 (2016)^[9]	7001567000000000000♠56.7
Gothenburg	Sweden	Northern Europe	7001844000000000000♠84.4 (2016)^[9]	7001400000000000000♠40.0
Grand Rapids	United States	North America	7001584650000000000♠58.465 (2016)^[8]	7001516000000000000♠51.6
Greensboro	United States	North America	7001399440000000000♠39.944 (2016)^[8]	7001409000000000000♠40.9
Greenville	United States	North America	7001406930000000000♠40.693 (2016)^[8]	7001356000000000000♠35.6
Goiânia	Brazil	South America	7001227630000000000♠22.763 (2011)^[10]
Guadalajara	Mexico	North America		7001807000000000000♠80.7	7001810000000000000♠81
Guangzhou	China	East Asia	7002341000000000000♠341 (2017) ^[12]	7002380300000000000♠380.3	7002143000000000000♠143	7002146100000000000♠146.1
Gwangju	South Korea	East Asia		7001367000000000000♠36.7
Haifa	Israel	Western Asia		7001404000000000000♠40.4
Hamamatsu	Japan	East Asia		7001523000000000000♠52.3
Hamburg	Germany	Western Europe	7002120100000000000♠120.1 (2015)^[15]	7002161400000000000♠161.4	7001740000000000000♠74
Hangzhou	China	East Asia	7002150800000000000♠150.8 (2015) ^[23]	7002219500000000000♠219.5		7001705000000000000♠70.5
Hannover	Germany	Western Europe	7001515000000000000♠51.5 (2015)^[15]	7001596000000000000♠59.6
Hanoi	Vietnam	South-East Asia			7001420000000000000♠42
Harbin	China	East Asia	7001941000000000000♠94.1 (2017) ^[12]	7002127900000000000♠127.9		7001388009999900000♠38.8
Harrisburg	United States	North America	7001354650000000000♠35.465 (2016)^[8]	7001351000000000000♠35.1
Hartford	United States	North America	7001900040000000000♠90.004 (2016)^[8]	7002101200000000000♠101.2
Hefei	China	East Asia	7002106800000000000♠106.8 (2017) ^[12]	7002120900000000000♠120.9		7001312000000000000♠31.2
Helsinki	Finland	Northern Europe	7001908000000000000♠90.8 (2015)^[9]	7001771009999900000♠77.1	7001580000000000000♠58
Hiroshima	Japan	East Asia		7001749000000000000♠74.9
Ho Chi Minh City	Vietnam	South-East Asia		7001711009999900000♠71.1	7001580000000000000♠58
Hong Kong	Hong Kong	East Asia	7002364800000000000♠364.8 (2018)^[24]	7002416000000000000♠416.0	7002320000000000000♠320	7002224500000000000♠224.5	7002258000000000000♠258.0^[25]
Honolulu	United States	North America	7001647560000000000♠64.756 (2016)^[8]	7001586000000000000♠58.6
Houston	United States	North America	7002478618000000000♠478.618 (2016)^[8]	7002483200000000000♠483.2	7002297000000000000♠297	7002341100000000000♠341.1	7002316300000000000♠316.3^[11]
Hsinchu	Taiwan	East Asia		7001384000000000000♠38.4
Huhehaote	China	East Asia		7001701009999900000♠70.1
Huntsville	United States	North America	7001248460000000000♠24.846 (2016)^[8]
Hyderabad	India	South Asia		7001402000000000000♠40.2	7001590000000000000♠59
Indianapolis	United States	North America	7002125864000000000♠125.864 (2014)^[8]	7002113606000000000♠113.606
Islamabad	Pakistan	South Asia
Istanbul	Turkey	Western Asia		7002348700000000000♠348.7	7002182000000000000♠182	7002188200000000000♠188.2
Izmir	Turkey	Western Asia		7001801009999900000♠80.1	7001420000000000000♠42
Jacksonville	United States	North America	7001714710000000000♠71.471 (2016)^[8]	7001638000000000000♠63.8
Jaipur	India	South Asia			7001240000000000000♠24	7001200000000000000♠20
Jakarta	Indonesia	South-East Asia		7002321300000000000♠321.3	7001920000000000000♠92	7001707000000000000♠70.7
Jeddah	Saudi Arabia	Western Asia		7002160600000000000♠160.6	7001720000000000000♠72	7001759000000000000♠75.9
Jerusalem	Israel	Western Asia	7001480000000000000♠48.0 (2015)^[26]
Jinan	China	East Asia	7002106700000000000♠106.7 (2017) ^[12]	7002136800000000000♠136.8		7001432000000000000♠43.2
Johannesburg	South Africa	Africa		7001829000000000000♠82.9	7002110000000000000♠110
Jundiaí	Brazil	South America	7001200810000000000♠20.081 (2011)^[10]
Kabul	Afghanistan	South Asia			7001140000000000000♠14
Kagoshima	Japan	East Asia		7001343009999900000♠34.3
Kano	Nigeria	Africa			7000900000000000000♠9
Kanpur	India	South Asia			7001260000000000000♠26	7000400000000000000♠4
Kansas City	United States	North America	7002129163000000000♠129.163 (2016)^[8]	7002105900000000000♠105.9			7001912000000000000♠91.2^[11]
Kaohsiung	Taiwan	East Asia		7002113647000000000♠113.647	7001780000000000000♠78	7001280000000000000♠28
Karachi	Pakistan	South Asia			7001780000000000000♠78	7001280000000000000♠28
Karlsruhe	Germany	Western Europe	7001376000000000000♠37.6 (2015)^[9]	7002137100000000000♠137.1
Katowice	Poland	Eastern Europe	7001379000000000000♠37.9 (2015)^[9]	7002122300000000000♠122.3
Kaunas	Lithuania	Northern Europe	7001100000000000000♠10.0 (2016)^[27]
Khartoum	Sudan	Africa			7001350000000000000♠35
Kiev	Ukraine	Eastern Europe	7001350000000000000♠35.0 (2012)^[28]
Kingston-upon-Hull	United Kingdom	Northern Europe	7001177000000000000♠17.7 (2016)^[9]
Kinshasa	DR Congo	Africa			7001170000000000000♠17
Klaipėda	Lithuania	Northern Europe	7000600000000000000♠6.0 (2016)^[29]
Knoxville	United States	North America	7001398250000000000♠39.825 (2016)^[8]	7001383009999900000♠38.3
Kolkata	India	South Asia		7001604000000000000♠60.4	7002104000000000000♠104
Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia	South-East Asia		7002171800000000000♠171.8
Kumamoto	Japan	East Asia		7001418009999900000♠41.8
Kunming	China	East Asia	7001720000000000000♠72.0 (2017) ^[12]	7001886000000000000♠88.6
Kuwait City	Kuwait	Western Asia		7002166500000000000♠166.5		7002117500000000000♠117.5
Lagos	Nigeria	Africa	7001746700000000000♠74.67 (2010)^[30]		7001350000000000000♠35
Lahore	Pakistan	South Asia			7001400000000000000♠40	7001130000000000000♠13
Las Vegas	United States	North America	7002111091000000000♠111.091 (2016)^[8]	7001939000000000000♠93.9
Leeds	United Kingdom	Northern Europe	7001448000000000000♠44.8 (2016)^[9]	7001746009999900000♠74.6^{[Note 4]}	7001600000000000000♠60
Leicester	United Kingdom	Northern Europe	7001468000000000000♠46.8 (2016)^[9]				7001287000000000000♠28.7^[31]
Leipzig-Halle	Germany	Western Europe	7001334000000000000♠33.4 (2015)^[9]	7001396000000000000♠39.6
Lille	France	Western Europe	7001833000000000000♠83.3 (2015)^[9]	7001985000000000000♠98.5	7001330000000000000♠33
Lima	Peru	South America		7002176500000000000♠176.5	7002109000000000000♠109	7001773000000000000♠77.3
Linz	Austria	Western Europe	7001379000000000000♠37.9 (2015)^[9]	7001446000000000000♠44.6
Lisbon	Portugal	Southern Europe	7001720000000000000♠72.0 (2015)^[9]	7001963000000000000♠96.3	7001980000000000000♠98
Little Rock	United States	North America	7001377960000000000♠37.796 (2016)^[8]	7001407000000000000♠40.7
Liverpool	United Kingdom	Northern Europe	7001478000000000000♠47.8 (2016)^[9]	7001658000000000000♠65.8
London	United Kingdom	Northern Europe	7002879500000000000♠879.5 (2016)^[9]	7002835700000000000♠835.7	7002565000000000000♠565	7002751800000000000♠751.8
Los Angeles	United States	North America	7003100100000000000♠1,001 (2016)^[32]	7002860500000000000♠860.5	7002792000000000000♠792	7002731800000000000♠731.8	7002632400000000000♠632.4^[11]
Louisville	United States	North America	7001749680000000000♠74.968 (2016)^[8]	7001623970000000000♠62.397
Luanda	Angola	Africa			7001330000000000000♠33	7001386000000000000♠38.6
Lucknow	India	South Asia			7001220000000000000♠22
Luxembourg-Trier	Luxembourg	Western Europe	7001620000000000000♠62 (2014)^[33]	7001620000000000000♠62
Luton	United Kingdom	Northern Europe					7000720000000000000♠7.2^[34]
Lyon	France	Western Europe	7001882000000000000♠88.2 (2016)^[9]	7001970000000000000♠97.0	7001690000000000000♠69		7002197000000000000♠197^[35]
Macau	Macau	East Asia	7001537000000000000♠53.7 (2018)^[36]	7001539000000000000♠53.9
Madison	United States	North America	7001474250000000000♠47.425 (2016)^[8]	7001418009999900000♠41.8
Madrid	Spain	Southern Europe	7002225900000000000♠225.9 (2015)^[9]	7002262300000000000♠262.3	7002230000000000000♠230
Manaus	Brazil	South America	7001510250000000000♠51.025 (2011)^[10]
Manchester	United Kingdom	Northern Europe	7002113700000000000♠113.7 (2016)^[9]	7001923000000000000♠92.3	7001850000000000000♠85
Manila	Philippines	South-East Asia		7002182800000000000♠182.8	7002149000000000000♠149
Marseille	France	Western Europe	7002104100000000000♠104.1 (2015)^[9]	7001603000000000000♠60.3
Medellín	Colombia	South America		7001435000000000000♠43.5	7001500000000000000♠50
Medan	Indonesia	South-East Asia					7000809000000000000♠8.09^[37]
Melbourne	Australia	Oceania	7002229200000000000♠229.2 (2015–16)^[38]	7002178400000000000♠178.4	7002172000000000000♠172	7002221400000000000♠221.4
Memphis	United States	North America	7001714500000000000♠71.450 (2016)^[8]	7001650000000000000♠65.0
Mexico City	Mexico	North America		7002403600000000000♠403.6	7002390000000000000♠390	7002255100000000000♠255.1
Miami	United States	North America	7002328482000000000♠328.482 (2016)^[8]	7002262700000000000♠262.7	7002292000000000000♠292	7002235900000000000♠235.9	7002231800000000000♠231.8^[11]
Milan	Italy	Southern Europe	7002214500000000000♠214.5 (2015)^[9]	7002312100000000000♠312.1	7002136000000000000♠136
Milwaukee	United States	North America	7002100869000000000♠100.869 (2016)^[8]	7001865000000000000♠86.5
Minneapolis/St. Paul	United States	North America	7002246689000000000♠246.689 (2016)^[8]	7002211400000000000♠211.4	7002194000000000000♠194		7002171600000000000♠171.6^[11]
Minsk	Belarus	Eastern Europe	7001130000000000000♠13.0 (2012)^[39]
Monterrey	Mexico	North America		7002122900000000000♠122.9	7002102000000000000♠102
Montevideo	Uruguay	South America					7001440000000000000♠44.0^[40]^{[Note 5]}
Montreal	Canada	North America		7002155900000000000♠155.9	7002148000000000000♠148
Moscow	Russia	Eastern Europe	7002225000000000000♠225.0 (2015)^[41]	7002553290000099999♠553.3	7002321000000000000♠321	7002325800000000000♠325.8
Mumbai	India	South Asia		7002150800000000000♠150.8	7002209000000000000♠209	7001559000000000000♠55.9
Munich	Germany	Western Europe	7002190000000000000♠190.0 (2016)^[9]	7002219900000000000♠219.9	7001640000000000000♠64
Nagoya	Japan	East Asia	7002368000000000000♠368 (2013)^[42]	7002363800000000000♠363.8			7002256300000000000♠256.3^[43]
Nagpur	India	South Asia		7001180000000000000♠18
Nairobi	Kenya	Africa			7001120000000000000♠12
Nanchang	China	East Asia	7001741009999900000♠74.1 (2017) ^[12]	7001960000000000000♠96.0
Nanjing	China	East Asia	7002173500000000000♠173.5 (2017)	7002202700000000000♠202.7		7001685000000000000♠68.5
Nanning	China	East Asia	7001610000000000000♠61.0 (2017) ^[12]	7001703000000000000♠70.3
Nantes	France	Western Europe	7001510000000000000♠51.0 (2016)^[9]	7001320000000000000♠32.0
Nantong	China	East Asia	7002114600000000000♠114.6 (2017) ^[12]	7002128300000000000♠128.3
Naples	Italy	Southern Europe	7001628000000000000♠62.8 (2015)^[9]	7001855000000000000♠85.5	7001510000000000000♠51
Nashville	United States	North America	7002124243000000000♠124.243 (2016)^[8]	7001950000000000000♠95.0
New Haven	United States	North America	7001441200000000000♠44.120 (2016)^[8]	7001533000000000000♠53.3
New Orleans	United States	North America	7001771730000000000♠77.173 (2016)^[8]	7001742000000000000♠74.2
New York	United States	North America	7003171771200000000♠1,717.712 (2017)^[44]	7003140300000000000♠1,403	7003140600000000000♠1,406	7003118030000000000♠1,180.3	7003105640000000000♠1,056.4^[11]
Newcastle	United Kingdom	Northern Europe	7001360000000000000♠36.0 (2016)^[9]	7001446000000000000♠44.6
Nice	France	Western Europe	7001361000000000000♠36.1 (2015)^[9]	7001460000000000000♠46.0
Niigata	Japan	East Asia		7001503000000000000♠50.3
Ningbo	China	East Asia	7002145800000000000♠145.8 (2017) ^[12]	7002179000000000000♠179.0		7001450000000000000♠45.0
Nottingham-Derby	United Kingdom	Northern Europe		7001510000000000000♠51.0
Nürnberg-Fürth	Germany	Western Europe	7002164600000000000♠164.6 (2014)^[45]	7001745000000000000♠74.5
Okayama	Japan	East Asia		7001568000000000000♠56.8
Oklahoma City	United States	North America	7001702350000000000♠70.235 (2016)^[8]	7001700100000000000♠70.010
Omaha	United States	North America	7001612890000000000♠61.289 (2016)^[8]	7001512000000000000♠51.2
Orlando	United States	North America	7002126797000000000♠126.797 (2016)^[8]	7002116200000000000♠116.2
Osaka–Kobe	Japan	East Asia	7002584000000000000♠584 (2013)^[46]	7002671300000000000♠671.3^{[Note 6]}	7002417000000000000♠417		7002612790000000000♠612.8^[47]
Oslo	Norway	Northern Europe	7001740000000000000♠74.0 (2014)^[48]	7001744000000000000♠74.4	7001400000000000000♠40
Ottawa	Canada	North America		7001582000000000000♠58.2
Oxnard	United States	North America	7001485160000000000♠48.516 (2016)^[8]	7001463000000000000♠46.3
Paris	France	Western Europe	7002850000000000000♠850 (2016)^[49]	7002715100000000000♠715.1	7002564000000000000♠564	7002764200000000000♠764.2
Patna	India	South Asia		7001150000000000000♠15	7001110000000000000♠11
Perth	Australia	Oceania	7002112200000000000♠112.2 (2015–16)^[50]	7002134000000000000♠134.0
Philadelphia	United States	North America	7002431038000000000♠431.038 (2016)^[8]	7002346500000000000♠346.5	7002388000000000000♠388	7002314500000000000♠314.5	7002295200000000000♠295.2^[11]
Phoenix	United States	North America	7002230070000000000♠230.070 (2016)^[8]	7002207100000000000♠207.1	7002200000000000000♠200	7002181600000000000♠181.6	7002160000000000000♠160^[11]
Pittsburgh	United States	North America	7002138137000000000♠138.137 (2016)^[8]	7002138400000000000♠138.4	7001990000000000000♠99		7002102100000000000♠102.1^[11]
Portland	United States	North America	7002164466000000000♠164.466 (2016)^[8]	7002158500000000000♠158.5	7002110000000000000♠110		7001956000000000000♠95.6^[11]
Porto	Portugal	Southern Europe	7001313000000000000♠31.3 (2015)^[9]	7001430000000000000♠43.0
Porto Alegre	Brazil	South America	7001455060000000000♠45.506 (2011)^[10]	7001621000000000000♠62.1	7001660000000000000♠66
Portsmouth	United Kingdom	Northern Europe	7001259000000000000♠25.9 (2016)^[9]	7001516000000000000♠51.6^{[Note 7]}
Prague	Czech Republic	Eastern Europe	7001730000000000000♠73.0 (2016)^[9]	7001892000000000000♠89.2	7001490000000000000♠49
Pretoria	South Africa	Africa		7001499000000000000♠49.9
Providence	United States	North America	7001801640000000000♠80.164 (2016)^[8]	7001781140000000000♠78.114
Puebla	Mexico	North America		7001381000000000000♠38.1	7001420000000000000♠42
Pune	India	South Asia	7002138000000000000♠138	7001890000000000000♠89	7001780000000000000♠78	7001490000000000000♠49
Pyongyang	North Korea	East Asia			7001110000000000000♠11
Qingdao	China	East Asia	7002163500000000000♠163.5 (2017) ^[12]	7002208700000000000♠208.7		7001481000000000000♠48.1
Quebec City	Canada	North America		7001334000000000000♠33.4
Raleigh	United States	North America	7001798340000000000♠79.834 (2016)^[8]	7001644000000000000♠64.4
Rangoon	Myanmar	South-East Asia			7001240000000000000♠24
Recife	Brazil	South America	7001364480000000000♠36.448 (2011)^[10]	7001405000000000000♠40.5	7001350000000000000♠35
Rhine-Ruhr	Germany	Western Europe	7002573700000000000♠573.7 (2014)^[45]	7002485200000000000♠485.2	7001390000000000000♠39^{[Note 8]}	7002484600000000000♠484.6
Richmond	United States	North America	7001807020000000000♠80.702 (2016)^[8]	7001715890000000000♠71.589
Riga	Latvia	Northern Europe	7001160000000000000♠16.0 (2014)^[51]
Rio de Janeiro	Brazil	South America	7002209366000000000♠209.366 (2011)^[10]	7002176600000000000♠176.6	7002201000000000000♠201	7002180900000000000♠180.9
Riyadh	Saudi Arabia	Western Asia		7002163500000000000♠163.5	7002107000000000000♠107	7002122700000000000♠122.7
Rochester	United States	North America	7001554260000000000♠55.426 (2016)^[8]	7001678000000000000♠67.8
Rome	Italy	Southern Europe	7002166800000000000♠166.8 (2015)^[9]	7002163190000000000♠163.2	7002144000000000000♠144
Rotterdam	Netherlands	Western Europe	7001690000000000000♠69.0 (2015)^[9]	7002320600000000000♠320.6^{[Note 9]}	7001460000000000000♠46
Saarbrucken	Germany	Western Europe		7001417000000000000♠41.7
Sacramento	United States	North America	7002122218000000000♠122.218 (2016)^[8]	7002127400000000000♠127.4
Salt Lake City	United States	North America	7001848269999999999♠84.826 (2016)^[8]	7001738360000000000♠73.836
St. Louis	United States	North America	7002159888000000000♠159.888 (2016)^[8]	7002140600000000000♠140.6	7002126000000000000♠126		7002116200000000000♠116.2^[11]
Saint Petersburg	Russia	Eastern Europe	7001630000000000000♠63^[41]	7002119600000000000♠119.6	7001910000000000000♠91
Salvador	Brazil	South America	7001388190000000000♠38.819 (2011)^[10]	7001385000000000000♠38.5	7001100000000000000♠10
San Antonio	United States	North America	7002116538000000000♠116.538 (2016)^[8]	7002102771000000000♠102.771			7002146300000000000♠146.3^[11]
San Bernardino-Riverside	United States	North America	7002149059000000000♠149.059 (2016)^[8]	7002154904000000000♠154.904
San Diego	United States	North America	7002215343000000000♠215.343 (2016)^[8]	7002202500000000000♠202.5	7002191000000000000♠191	7002172900000000000♠172.9	7002146300000000000♠146.3^[11]
San Francisco	United States	North America	7002470529000000000♠470.529 (2016)^[8]	7002331000000000000♠331.0	7002301000000000000♠301	7002283300000000000♠283.3	7002268300000000000♠268.3^[11]
San Jose	United States	North America	7002252487000000000♠252.487 (2016)^[8]	7002160300000000000♠160.3
San Juan	Puerto Rico	Caribbean		7001427000000000000♠42.7
Santiago	Chile	South America		7002171400000000000♠171.4	7002120000000000000♠120	7001930000000000000♠93.0
Santos	Brazil	South America	7001286090000000000♠28.609 (2011)^[10]
São José dos Campos	Brazil	South America	7001301480000000000♠30.148 (2011)^[10]
São José dos Pinhais	Brazil	South America	7001147260000000000♠14.726 (2011)^[10]
São Paulo	Brazil	South America	7002582078999900000♠582.079 (2013)^[10]	7002430500000000000♠430.5	7002388000000000000♠388	7002437300000000000♠437.3
Sapporo	Japan	East Asia		7001805000000000000♠80.5
Seattle	United States	North America	7002330409000000000♠330.409 (2016)^[8]	7002267500000000000♠267.5	7002235000000000000♠235	7002211000000000000♠211.0	7002182200000000000♠182.2^[11]
Sendai	Japan	East Asia		7001753000000000000♠75.3
Seoul	South Korea	East Asia	7002635400000000000♠635.4 (2015)^[52]	7002845900000000000♠845.9	7002291000000000000♠291	7002233300000000000♠233.3
Seville	Spain	Southern Europe	7001398009999900000♠39.8 (2015)^[9]	7001358009999900000♠35.8
Shanghai	China	East Asia	7002469000000000000♠469 (2017) ^[53]	7002594000000000000♠594.0	7002233000000000000♠233	7002250700000000000♠250.7	7002200000000000000♠200.0^[54]
Shantou	China	East Asia	7001348009999900000♠34.8 (2017) ^[53]	7001387000000000000♠38.7
Sheffield	United Kingdom	Northern Europe	7001174009999900000♠17.4 (2016)^[9]	7001398009999900000♠39.8
Shenyang	China	East Asia	7001869000000000000♠86.9 (2017) ^[53]	7002189300000000000♠189.3	7001440000000000000♠44	7001643000000000000♠64.3
Shenzhen	China	East Asia	7002338000000000000♠338 (2017)^[55]	7002363200000000000♠363.2		7002141500000000000♠141.5
Shijiazhuang	China	East Asia	7001957000000000000♠95.7 (2017) ^[53]	7002130500000000000♠130.5
Shizuoka	Japan	East Asia		7001584000000000000♠58.4
Singapore	Singapore	South-East Asia	7002349500000000000♠349.5 (2018)^[56]^[57]	7002365900000000000♠365.9	7002215000000000000♠215	7002222700000000000♠222.7	7002267890000099999♠267.9^[58]
Sofia	Bulgaria	Eastern Europe	7001240000000000000♠24.0 (2016)^[9]	7001438000000000000♠43.8
Sorocaba	Brazil	South America	7001213130000000000♠21.313 (2011)^[10]
Southampton	United Kingdom	Northern Europe	7000960000000000000♠9.6 (2016)^[9]	7001516000000000000♠51.6^{[Note 10]}
Springfield	United States	North America	7001273330000099999♠27.333 (2016)^[8]	7001328009999900000♠32.8
Stockholm	Sweden	Northern Europe	7002180000000000000♠180^[59]	7002143000000000000♠143.0	7001700000000000000♠70		7002208000000000000♠208^[59]
Strasbourg	France	Western Europe		7001373009999900000♠37.3
Stuttgart	Germany	Western Europe	7002173500000000000♠173.5 (2016)^[9]	7002157800000000000♠157.8
Surat	India	South Asia		7001598000000000000♠59.8	7001360000000000000♠36	7001140000000000000♠14
Suzhou	China	East Asia	7002256500000000000♠256.5 (2017) ^[12]	7002339000000000000♠339.0		7001527000000000000♠52.7
Sydney	Australia	Oceania	7002302700000000000♠302.7 (2015–16)^[60]	7002223400000000000♠223.4	7002213000000000000♠213	7002268890000099999♠268.9
Syracuse	United States	North America	7001326830000000000♠32.683 (2016)^[8]	7001406000000000000♠40.6
Taichung	Taiwan	East Asia		7002114700000000000♠114.7
Tainan	Taiwan	East Asia		7001767000000000000♠76.7
Taipei	Taiwan	East Asia		7002327300000000000♠327.3		7002160300000000000♠160.3	7002172500000000000♠172.5^[61]
Taiyuan	China	East Asia		7001630000000000000♠63.0
Tallinn	Estonia	Northern Europe	7001160000000000000♠16.0 (2014)^[62]
Tampa	United States	North America	7002142633000000000♠142.633 (2016)^[8]	7002130300000000000♠130.3	7002123000000000000♠123		7002101000000000000♠101^[11]
Tangshan	China	East Asia	7002105300000000000♠105.3 (2017) ^[53]	7002162300000000000♠162.3		7001336000000000000♠33.6
Taoyuan	Taiwan	East Asia		7001868000000000000♠86.8
Tbilisi	Georgia	Western Asia	7000800000000000000♠8.0 (2017)^[63]
Tehran	Iran	South Asia			7002127000000000000♠127
Tel Aviv	Israel	Western Asia		7002153300000000000♠153.3	7002122000000000000♠122	7002114800000000000♠114.8
Thessaloniki	Greece	Southern Europe	7001198000000000000♠19.8 (2011)^[64]
Tianjin	China	East Asia	7002275390000099999♠275.4 (2017) ^[65]	7002372000000000000♠372.0	7001740000000000000♠74	7002128800000000000♠128.8
Tokyo	Japan	East Asia	7003189300000000000♠1,893 (2015)^[66]	7003161700000000000♠1,617	7003147900000000000♠1,479	7003187470000000000♠1,874.7	7003199750000000000♠1,997.5^[67] 7003179790000000000♠1,797.9^[68]
Toronto	Canada	North America	7002303000000000000♠303 (2014)^[69]	7002276300000000000♠276.3	7002253000000000000♠253	7002270000000000000♠270.0
Toulouse	France	Western Europe	7001587000000000000♠58.7 (2015)^[9]	7001474000000000000♠47.4
Tucson	United States	North America	7001370400000000000♠37.040 (2016)^[8]	7001412000000000000♠41.2
Tulsa	United States	North America	7001582480000000000♠58.248 (2016)^[8]	7001486000000000000♠48.6			7001464000000000000♠46.4^[70]
Turin	Italy	Southern Europe	7001769000000000000♠76.9 (2015)^[9]	7001788000000000000♠78.8	7001680000000000000♠68
Uberlandia	Brazil	South America	7001147280000000000♠14.728 (2011)^[10]
Valencia	Spain	Southern Europe	7001601000000000000♠60.1 (2015)^[9]	7001527000000000000♠52.7
Vancouver	Canada	North America		7002109800000000000♠109.8	7001950000000000000♠95
Venice-Padova	Italy	Southern Europe	7001622000000000000♠62.2 (2015)^[9]	7001573000000000000♠57.3
Vienna	Austria	Western Europe	7002131900000000000♠131.9 (2015)^[9]	7002183700000000000♠183.7^{[Note 11]}	7002122000000000000♠122
Vilnius	Lithuania	Northern Europe	7001200000000000000♠20.0 (2016)^[71]
Virginia Beach	United States	North America	7001928270000000000♠92.827 (2016)^[8]	7001921000000000000♠92.1
Visakhapatnam	India	South Asia		7001435000000000000♠43.5		7000600000000000000♠6
Vitória	Brazil	South America	7001283570000000000♠28.357 (2011)^[10]	7001356000000000000♠35.6
Warsaw	Poland	Eastern Europe	7001834000000000000♠83.4 (2016)^[9]	7002141100000000000♠141.1	7001680000000000000♠68
Washington, DC	United States	North America	7002509224000000000♠509.224 (2016)^[8]	7002442200000000000♠442.2	7002375000000000000♠375	7002392200000000000♠392.2
Wenzhou	China	East Asia	7001808000000000000♠80.8 (2017) ^[12]	7002101900000000000♠101.9
Winnipeg	Canada	North America		7001325000000000000♠32.5
Worcester	United States	North America		7001447000000000000♠44.7
Wuhan	China	East Asia	7002198600000000000♠198.6 (2017) ^[12]	7002231600000000000♠231.6	7001520000000000000♠52	7001822000000000000♠82.2
Wulumuqi	China	East Asia		7001596000000000000♠59.6
Wuxi	China	East Asia	7002155690000000000♠155.7 (2017) ^[12]	7002211500000000000♠211.5		7001470000000000000♠47.0
Xiamen	China	East Asia	7001644000000000000♠64.4 (2017) ^[12]	7001761009999900000♠76.1		7001304000000000000♠30.4
Xian	China	East Asia	7002110600000000000♠110.6 (2017) ^[12]	7002124200000000000♠124.2	7001310000000000000♠31	7001406000000000000♠40.6
Xuzhou	China	East Asia	7001978000000000000♠97.8 (2017) ^[12]	7002113200000000000♠113.2		7001224000000000000♠22.4
Yantai	China	East Asia	7002108700000000000♠108.7 (2017) ^[12]	7002149000000000000♠149.0
Zhengzhou	China	East Asia	7002135300000000000♠135.3 (2017) ^[12]	7002156000000000000♠156.0
Zhongshan	China	East Asia	7001511000000000000♠51.1 (2017) ^[12]	7001687000000000000♠68.7
Zhuhai	China	East Asia	7001380000000000000♠38.0 (2017) ^[12]	7001413009999900000♠41.3
Zibo	China	East Asia	7001708000000000000♠70.8 (2017) ^[12]	7002100300000000000♠100.3
Zürich	Switzerland	Western Europe		7002109100000000000♠109.1	7001520000000000000♠52

Notes

^ This includes Rotterdam

^ This includes Malmö

^ This includes only Fukuoka

^ This includes Bradford

^ Projection for 2017 based on $33 billion in 2010 and $61 for 2025. ((($61/$33)^(1/15))^7)*$33= $43,956.998 million.

^ This includes Kyoto

^ This includes Southampton

^ This includes only Cologne and Bonn in the PwC study

^ This includes Amsterdam

^ This includes Portsmouth

^ This includes Bratislava

References

^ "Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings". United Nations. Retrieved 23 October 2012..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em

^ "Global city GDP 2014". Brookings Institution. Retrieved 8 May 2015.

^ "Global city GDP rankings 2008-2025". Pricewaterhouse Coopers. Archived from the original on 4 May 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2009.

^ "The Most Dynamic Cities of 2025". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 24 August 2012.

^ ^a^b "2008 estimate" (xls). Office for National Statistics. 6 March 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2013.

^ "Abu Dhabi Economic Report" (PDF).

^ 2015–16 est. / SGSEP AUD 78,251 million according to the SGS Economics and Planning table, i.e. US$59.1 billion at current exchange rates, using the 8 June 2017 AUD/USD exchange rate used by the IMF

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^j^k^l^mⁿ^o^p^q^r^s^t^u^v^w^x^y^z^aa^ab^ac^ad^ae^af^ag^ah^ai^aj^ak^al^am^an^ao^ap^aq^ar^as^at^au^av^aw^ax^ay^az^ba^bb^bc^bd^be^bf^bg^bh^bi^bj^bk^bl^bm^bn^bo^bp^bq^br^bs^bt^bu^bv^bw^bx^by^bz "Gross Domestic Product by Metropolitan Area, 2016". Bureau of Economic Analysis. U.S. Department of Commerce. September 20, 2017. Retrieved February 19, 2018.

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^j^k^l^mⁿ^o^p^q^r^s^t^u^v^w^x^y^z^aa^ab^ac^ad^ae^af^ag^ah^ai^aj^ak^al^am^an^ao^ap^aq^ar^as^at^au^av^aw^ax^ay^az^ba^bb^bc^bd^be^bf^bg "Eurostat".

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^j^k^l^mⁿ^o^p^q^r^s^t^u^v "Posição ocupada pelos maiores municípios brasileiros em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto, Est. 2013". IBGE. 2013.

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^j^k^l^mⁿ^o^p^q^r^s^t^u^v^w^x "2005 est. / Metropolitan Area G" (PDF).

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^j^k^l^mⁿ^o^p^q^r^s^t^u^v^w^x^y^z^aa^ab^ac^ad^ae^af^ag "National Bureau of Statistics of China". data.stats.gov.cn. Retrieved 2017-08-25.

^ "北京市2017年国民经济和社会发展统计公报". bjstats.gov.cn. Retrieved 2018-03-18.

^ Statistical Yearbook of Serbia, pp. 146–47. Statistical Office of Serbia. GDP of Belgrade district in 2014 was 1,514,166 mio RSD x 0.0115 = 17.4 bn USD.

^ ^a^b^c^d Baden-Württemberg, Statistisches Landesamt. "Aktuelle Ergebnisse – VGR dL". www.statistik-bw.de (in German). Retrieved 2018-06-16.

^ 2015–16 est. / SGSEP AUD 157,931 million according to the SGS Economics and Planning table, i.e. US$120.6 billion at current exchange rates, using the 8 June 2017 AUD/USD exchange rate used by the IMF

^ "Booming city adding £12 billion to GDP". Cambridge News. Archived from the original on 25 November 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2008.

^ "Global cities of the future: An interactive map | McKinsey & Company". mckinsey.com. Retrieved 7 January 2017.

^ "National Bureau of Statistics of China". data.stats.gov.cn. Retrieved 2017-08-25.

^ "Punjab At A Glance". Punjab Board of Investment & Trade, Government of The Punjab. 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2017.

^ Approx., 2013 est. / GDP of Fukuoka Prefecture is 19.0 trillion yen (approximately US$185 billion). Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. Retrieved 14 August 2016.

^ 2010 est. / JPY 13,811 billion according to Urban Employment Area. "Metropolitan Employment Area (MEA) Data". Center for Spatial Information Science, University of Tokyo.

^ "National Bureau of Statistics of China". data.stats.gov.cn. Retrieved 2017-08-25.

^ "Hong Kong". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 2017-08-25.

^ "2012 est. / CIA World Factbook: Hong Kong". CIA. Archived from the original on 14 May 2009. Retrieved 3 February 2013.

^ https://www.lloyds.com/cityriskindex/locations/city/jerusalem

^ https://osp.stat.gov.lt/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize?id=8,446&status=A#/

^ http://www.gorstat.kiev.ua/p.php3?c=425&lang=1

^ "Statistinių rodiklių analizė". Osp.stat.gov.lt. Retrieved 2017-04-01.

^ "Lagos Gross Domestic Product" (PDF). Lagos State Government. 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2015.

^ "Leicester" (PDF). Leicester and Leicestershire Enterprise Partnership. Autumn 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 August 2013. /catid/22/ LLEP

^ https://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/gdp_metro/gdp_metro_newsrelease.htm

^ www.brookings.edu/research/global-metro-monitor/

^ "GDP". Timetric. 1 January 2010.

^ "GDP of Lyon". Insee. October 2014. /catid/22/ LLEP

^ "Macau". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 2017-08-25.

^ "Pemerintah Provinsi Sumatera Utara – Perekonomian Daerah". Sumutprov.go.id. Retrieved 2017-04-01.

^ 2015–16 est. / SGSEP AUD 303,560 million according to the SGS Economics and Planning table, i.e. US$229.188 billion at current exchange rates, using the 8 June 2017 AUD/USD exchange rate used by the IMF

^ http://www.belstat.gov.by/bitrix/urlrewrite.php^{[permanent dead link]}

^ "Global Cities of the Future". McKinsey. Retrieved 19 January 2016.

^ ^a^b "Валовой региональный продукт::Мордовиястат". Mrd.gks.ru. Retrieved 2017-04-01.

^ Approx., 2013 est. / GDP of Aichi Prefecture is 37.8 trillion yen (approximately US$368 billion). Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. Retrieved 14 August 2016.

^ 2010 est. / JPY 22,497 billion according to Urban Employment Area. "Metropolitan Employment Area (MEA) Data". Center for Spatial Information Science, University of Tokyo.

^ https://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/gdp_metro/gdp_metro_newsrelease.htm

^ ^a^b "Bruttoinlandsprodukt in den Metropolregionen in Deutschland 2014 | Statistik". Statista (in German). Retrieved 2018-06-16.

^ Approx., 2013 est. / GDP of Prefecture of Osaka and Hyōgo is 60.0 trillion yen (approximately US$584 billion). Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. Retrieved 14 August 2016.

^ 2010 est. / JPY 53,790 billion according to Urban Employment Area. "Metropolitan Employment Area (MEA) Data". Center for Spatial Information Science, University of Tokyo.

^ Regional Accounts, 2014 – Statistics Norway. National GDP at 2,707.8 bn NOK, Oslo at 17.1 % of the total = 463 bn NOK x 0.16 = 74 bn USD.

^ http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/8700651/1-28022018-BP-EN/15f5fd90-ce8b-4927-9a3b-07dc255dc42a 2016 est. / INSEE] €681 billion according to INSEE, i.e. US$850 billion at current exchange rates, using the 2016 euro/dollar exchange rate

^ 2015–16 est. / SGSEP AUD 148,674 million according to the SGS Economics and Planning table, i.e. US$112.2 billion at current exchange rates, using the 8 June 2017 AUD/USD exchange rate used by the IMF

^ http://www.sus.lv/en/21-gross-domestic-product

^ 2015 est. Statistics Korea Seoul metro area includes Incheon and Gyeonggi-do, so metro GDP = 328,661+69,501+350,963 = 749,125 billion Won, at 2015 average exchange rate of 1,179KRW per USD.

^ ^a^b^c^d^e "Shanghai first Chinese city to top 3 trillion yuan GDP". China Daily. Retrieved 2018-01-20.

^ "2008 est. / Global woes pinch rise in city GDP". ShanghaiDaily. 22 January 2009. Retrieved 25 December 2009.

^ http://m.scmp.com/news/china/economy/article/2128310/shenzhen-88-cent-hi-tech-growth-roll-hit-y2tr-2017

^ "2011 est. / Singapore: Economic Indicators". Statistics Singapore. Archived from the original on 21 February 2009. Retrieved 3 February 2013.

^ Singapore GDP in 2011 estimate is 326.8 Billion SGD, which is equivalent to 263.6 Billion USD using 3 February 2013 exchange rate

^ "2012 est. / CIA World Factbook: Singapore". CIA. Retrieved 3 February 2013.

^ ^a^b "Contacts – City of Stockholm". International.stockholm.se. Retrieved 2017-04-01.

^ 2015–16 est. / SGSEP AUD 400,900 million according to the SGS Economics and Planning table, i.e. US$302.7 billion at current exchange rates, using the 8 June 2017 AUD/USD exchange rate used by the IMF

^ 2009 est. Taipei city has second-highest per capita GDP in Asia Archived 22 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine.

^ http://issuu.com/eas-estonia/docs/wtoe_harjumk?e=1268773/4868082#222222

^ http://geostat.ge/index.php?action=page&p_id=119&lang=eng

^ Approx., 2011 est. / Eurostat. Archived 6 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 11 May 2017.

^ "National Bureau of Statistics of China". http://data.stats.gov.cn. Retrieved 2017-08-25. External link in |website= (help)

^ http://www.toukei.metro.tokyo.jp/tnenkan/tn-eindex.htm

^ "2009 est. / World's Largest Metropolitan Regions by LRP" (PDF). University of Toronto. Retrieved 1 March 2009.

^ 2010 est. / JPY 157,820 billion according to Urban Employment Area. "Metropolitan Employment Area (MEA) Data". Center for Spatial Information Science, University of Tokyo.

^ "Economic Indicators" (PDF). www1.toronto.ca. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2017. Retrieved 28 April 2017. Toronto CMA GDP was 334.1B CAD, converted at the average CAD/USD exchange rate of 1.104 for 2014.

^ 2011 est., U.S. Metro Economies Archived 13 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine. by IHS Global Insight for The U.S. Conference of Mayors

^ "Statistinių rodiklių analizė". Osp.stat.gov.lt. Retrieved 2017-04-01.

[10] This includes Rotterdam

[21] This includes Malmö

[24] This includes only Fukuoka

[34] This includes Bradford

[45] Projection for 2017 based on $33 billion in 2010 and $61 for 2025. ((($61/$33)^(1/15))^7)*$33= $43,956.998 million.

[52] This includes Kyoto

[57] This includes Southampton

[58] This includes only Cologne and Bonn in the PwC study

[60] This includes Amsterdam

[68] This includes Portsmouth

[81] This includes Bratislava

[1] "Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings". United Nations. Retrieved 23 October 2012..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em

[Brookings-2] "Global city GDP 2014". Brookings Institution. Retrieved 8 May 2015.

[pricewater-3] "Global city GDP rankings 2008-2025". Pricewaterhouse Coopers. Archived from the original on 4 May 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2009.

[McKinsey-4] "The Most Dynamic Cities of 2025". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 24 August 2012.

[2008_estimate-5] "2008 estimate" (xls). Office for National Statistics. 6 March 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2013.

[2012_estimate_abu_dhabi-6] "Abu Dhabi Economic Report" (PDF).

[7] 2015–16 est. / SGSEP AUD 78,251 million according to the SGS Economics and Planning table, i.e. US$59.1 billion at current exchange rates, using the 8 June 2017 AUD/USD exchange rate used by the IMF

[usa1-8] ⁱ^j^k^l^mⁿ^o^p^q^r^s^t^u^v^w^x^y^z^aa^ab^ac^ad^ae^af^ag^ah^ai^aj^ak^al^am^an^ao^ap^aq^ar^as^at^au^av^aw^ax^ay^az^ba^bb^bc^bd^be^bf^bg^bh^bi^bj^bk^bl^bm^bn^bo^bp^bq^br^bs^bt^bu^bv^bw^bx^by^bz "Gross Domestic Product by Metropolitan Area, 2016". Bureau of Economic Analysis. U.S. Department of Commerce. September 20, 2017. Retrieved February 19, 2018.

[:4-9] ⁱ^j^k^l^mⁿ^o^p^q^r^s^t^u^v^w^x^y^z^aa^ab^ac^ad^ae^af^ag^ah^ai^aj^ak^al^am^an^ao^ap^aq^ar^as^at^au^av^aw^ax^ay^az^ba^bb^bc^bd^be^bf^bg "Eurostat".

[bra1-11] ⁱ^j^k^l^mⁿ^o^p^q^r^s^t^u^v "Posição ocupada pelos maiores municípios brasileiros em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto, Est. 2013". IBGE. 2013.

[demographia-12] ⁱ^j^k^l^mⁿ^o^p^q^r^s^t^u^v^w^x "2005 est. / Metropolitan Area G" (PDF).

[ReferenceA-13] ⁱ^j^k^l^mⁿ^o^p^q^r^s^t^u^v^w^x^y^z^aa^ab^ac^ad^ae^af^ag "National Bureau of Statistics of China". data.stats.gov.cn. Retrieved 2017-08-25.

[14] "北京市2017年国民经济和社会发展统计公报". bjstats.gov.cn. Retrieved 2018-03-18.

[15] Statistical Yearbook of Serbia, pp. 146–47. Statistical Office of Serbia. GDP of Belgrade district in 2014 was 1,514,166 mio RSD x 0.0115 = 17.4 bn USD.

[:1-16] Baden-Württemberg, Statistisches Landesamt. "Aktuelle Ergebnisse – VGR dL". www.statistik-bw.de (in German). Retrieved 2018-06-16.

[17] 2015–16 est. / SGSEP AUD 157,931 million according to the SGS Economics and Planning table, i.e. US$120.6 billion at current exchange rates, using the 8 June 2017 AUD/USD exchange rate used by the IMF

[18] "Booming city adding £12 billion to GDP". Cambridge News. Archived from the original on 25 November 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2008.

[19] "Global cities of the future: An interactive map | McKinsey & Company". mckinsey.com. Retrieved 7 January 2017.

[data.stats.gov.cn-20] "National Bureau of Statistics of China". data.stats.gov.cn. Retrieved 2017-08-25.

[PBIT-22] "Punjab At A Glance". Punjab Board of Investment & Trade, Government of The Punjab. 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2017.

[23] Approx., 2013 est. / GDP of Fukuoka Prefecture is 19.0 trillion yen (approximately US$185 billion). Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. Retrieved 14 August 2016.

[25] 2010 est. / JPY 13,811 billion according to Urban Employment Area. "Metropolitan Employment Area (MEA) Data". Center for Spatial Information Science, University of Tokyo.

[26] "National Bureau of Statistics of China". data.stats.gov.cn. Retrieved 2017-08-25.

[imf2-27] "Hong Kong". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 2017-08-25.

[28] "2012 est. / CIA World Factbook: Hong Kong". CIA. Archived from the original on 14 May 2009. Retrieved 3 February 2013.

[29] ttps://www.lloyds.com/cityriskindex/locations/city/jerusalem

[30] ttps://osp.stat.gov.lt/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize?id=8,446&status=A#/

[31] ttp://www.gorstat.kiev.ua/p.php3?c=425&lang=1

[32] "Statistinių rodiklių analizė". Osp.stat.gov.lt. Retrieved 2017-04-01.

[33] "Lagos Gross Domestic Product" (PDF). Lagos State Government. 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2015.

[35] "Leicester" (PDF). Leicester and Leicestershire Enterprise Partnership. Autumn 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 August 2013. /catid/22/ LLEP

[36] ttps://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/gdp_metro/gdp_metro_newsrelease.htm

[37] www.brookings.edu/research/global-metro-monitor/

[38] "GDP". Timetric. 1 January 2010.

[39] "GDP of Lyon". Insee. October 2014. /catid/22/ LLEP

[imf3-40] "Macau". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 2017-08-25.

[41] "Pemerintah Provinsi Sumatera Utara – Perekonomian Daerah". Sumutprov.go.id. Retrieved 2017-04-01.

[42] 2015–16 est. / SGSEP AUD 303,560 million according to the SGS Economics and Planning table, i.e. US$229.188 billion at current exchange rates, using the 8 June 2017 AUD/USD exchange rate used by the IMF

[43] ttp://www.belstat.gov.by/bitrix/urlrewrite.php^{[permanent dead link]}

[44] "Global Cities of the Future". McKinsey. Retrieved 19 January 2016.

[autogenerated1-46] "Валовой региональный продукт::Мордовиястат". Mrd.gks.ru. Retrieved 2017-04-01.

[47] Approx., 2013 est. / GDP of Aichi Prefecture is 37.8 trillion yen (approximately US$368 billion). Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. Retrieved 14 August 2016.

[48] 2010 est. / JPY 22,497 billion according to Urban Employment Area. "Metropolitan Employment Area (MEA) Data". Center for Spatial Information Science, University of Tokyo.

[49] ttps://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/gdp_metro/gdp_metro_newsrelease.htm

[:2-50] "Bruttoinlandsprodukt in den Metropolregionen in Deutschland 2014 | Statistik". Statista (in German). Retrieved 2018-06-16.

[51] Approx., 2013 est. / GDP of Prefecture of Osaka and Hyōgo is 60.0 trillion yen (approximately US$584 billion). Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. Retrieved 14 August 2016.

[53] 2010 est. / JPY 53,790 billion according to Urban Employment Area. "Metropolitan Employment Area (MEA) Data". Center for Spatial Information Science, University of Tokyo.

[54] Regional Accounts, 2014 – Statistics Norway. National GDP at 2,707.8 bn NOK, Oslo at 17.1 % of the total = 463 bn NOK x 0.16 = 74 bn USD.

[55] ttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/8700651/1-28022018-BP-EN/15f5fd90-ce8b-4927-9a3b-07dc255dc42a 2016 est. / INSEE] €681 billion according to INSEE, i.e. US$850 billion at current exchange rates, using the 2016 euro/dollar exchange rate

[56] 2015–16 est. / SGSEP AUD 148,674 million according to the SGS Economics and Planning table, i.e. US$112.2 billion at current exchange rates, using the 8 June 2017 AUD/USD exchange rate used by the IMF

[59] ttp://www.sus.lv/en/21-gross-domestic-product

[61] 2015 est. Statistics Korea Seoul metro area includes Incheon and Gyeonggi-do, so metro GDP = 328,661+69,501+350,963 = 749,125 billion Won, at 2015 average exchange rate of 1,179KRW per USD.

[:0-62] "Shanghai first Chinese city to top 3 trillion yuan GDP". China Daily. Retrieved 2018-01-20.

[63] "2008 est. / Global woes pinch rise in city GDP". ShanghaiDaily. 22 January 2009. Retrieved 25 December 2009.

[64] ttp://m.scmp.com/news/china/economy/article/2128310/shenzhen-88-cent-hi-tech-growth-roll-hit-y2tr-2017

[65] "2011 est. / Singapore: Economic Indicators". Statistics Singapore. Archived from the original on 21 February 2009. Retrieved 3 February 2013.

[66] Singapore GDP in 2011 estimate is 326.8 Billion SGD, which is equivalent to 263.6 Billion USD using 3 February 2013 exchange rate

[67] "2012 est. / CIA World Factbook: Singapore". CIA. Retrieved 3 February 2013.

[:3-69] "Contacts – City of Stockholm". International.stockholm.se. Retrieved 2017-04-01.

[70] 2015–16 est. / SGSEP AUD 400,900 million according to the SGS Economics and Planning table, i.e. US$302.7 billion at current exchange rates, using the 8 June 2017 AUD/USD exchange rate used by the IMF

[71] 2009 est. Taipei city has second-highest per capita GDP in Asia Archived 22 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine.

[72] ttp://issuu.com/eas-estonia/docs/wtoe_harjumk?e=1268773/4868082#222222

[73] ttp://geostat.ge/index.php?action=page&p_id=119&lang=eng

[74] Approx., 2011 est. / Eurostat. Archived 6 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 11 May 2017.

[75] "National Bureau of Statistics of China". http://data.stats.gov.cn. Retrieved 2017-08-25. External link in |website= (help)

[76] ttp://www.toukei.metro.tokyo.jp/tnenkan/tn-eindex.htm

[77] "2009 est. / World's Largest Metropolitan Regions by LRP" (PDF). University of Toronto. Retrieved 1 March 2009.

[78] 2010 est. / JPY 157,820 billion according to Urban Employment Area. "Metropolitan Employment Area (MEA) Data". Center for Spatial Information Science, University of Tokyo.

[79] "Economic Indicators" (PDF). www1.toronto.ca. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2017. Retrieved 28 April 2017. Toronto CMA GDP was 334.1B CAD, converted at the average CAD/USD exchange rate of 1.104 for 2014.

[80] 2011 est., U.S. Metro Economies Archived 13 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine. by IHS Global Insight for The U.S. Conference of Mayors

[82] "Statistinių rodiklių analizė". Osp.stat.gov.lt. Retrieved 2017-04-01.

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