Django 2.0 Access Models (CREATE/REMOVE/FILTER) Standalone [without manage.py shell]

I have a Django project and I wanted to generate some objects (from the models)

What I'm trying to get at : Standalone Python Script to create bunch of objects and/or filter,delete.

after importing the model with from apps.base.models import MyModel
and setting up the configuration as the previous StackOverflow Questions suggested I was not able to run the script.

from apps.base.models import MyModel

import os
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "myProject.settings")
import django

django.setup()
from apps.base.models import MyModel


Please note that this is on Django version 2.0.6 [Django 2.0+].

Correct settings have been used, (i.e. myProject.settings)

myProject.settings

After properly configuring everything else I get the following error:

RuntimeError: Model class apps.base.models.MyModel doesn't declare an explicit app_label and isn't in an application in INSTALLED_APPS.

Settings:

base.py : https://pastebin.com/MNcitE4U

development.py : https://pastebin.com/JAHqxwRM

The full GitHub link is here: https://github.com/teratzu/Razred-Management

The current answer(s) are out-of-date and require revision given recent changes.

I'm looking for the correct answer, All the answers are outdated and do NOT work for Django 2.0 Which is the most current version of Django available. The issue presents itself when trying to load the models from the models.py, I do have multiple .settings... but that shouldn't be an issue since everything else is configured properly.

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'MyProject'

settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS

INSTALLED_APPS

myproject.settings

3 Answers
3

I git clone'd your Django project's repository and got it working doing the following:

git clone

1. Move your Project's apps to the root of the project

This is a common Django standard. What I did was ./manage.py startapp base to start fresh and then add all of the files/directories from the apps/base directory to the base directory that was just made. It should look like this in the root directory of your project (where DzenanElvir & base are directories):

./manage.py startapp base

apps/base

base

DzenanElvir

base

(.env) Cole:StackOverflow/Razred-Management ‹master*›$ ls -l
total 512
drwxr-xr-x 9 Cole staff 288 Jul 2 23:50 DzenanElvir
-rw-r--r-- 1 Cole staff 1055 Jul 2 23:48 LICENSE
-rw-r--r-- 1 Cole staff 299 Jul 2 23:48 Pipfile
-rw-r--r-- 1 Cole staff 27343 Jul 2 23:48 Pipfile.lock
-rw-r--r-- 1 Cole staff 72 Jul 2 23:48 Procfile
-rw-r--r-- 1 Cole staff 1160 Jul 2 23:48 README.md
drwxr-xr-x 15 Cole staff 480 Jul 3 00:06 base
...


And like this in your new base app directory:

base

(.env) Cole:Razred-Management/base ‹master*›$ ls -l
total 80
-rw-r--r-- 1 Cole staff 53 Jul 2 23:58 __init__.py
drwxr-xr-x 11 Cole staff 352 Jul 3 00:08 __pycache__
-rw-r--r-- 1 Cole staff 63 Jul 3 00:04 admin.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 Cole staff 83 Jul 3 00:04 apps.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 Cole staff 2004 Jul 2 23:58 forms.py
drwxr-xr-x 5 Cole staff 160 Jul 3 00:06 migrations
-rw-r--r-- 1 Cole staff 1126 Jul 2 23:58 models.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 Cole staff 2236 Jul 2 23:58 postsView.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 Cole staff 1913 Jul 2 23:58 pregledView.py
drwxr-xr-x 3 Cole staff 96 Jul 2 23:58 templates
-rw-r--r-- 1 Cole staff 60 Jul 3 00:04 tests.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 Cole staff 1425 Jul 2 23:58 urls.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 Cole staff 343 Jul 2 23:58 views.py


2. Add base app to INSTALLED_APPS the more explicit way

base

INSTALLED_APPS

Notice the new base/apps.py file, we're going to use it's AppConfig-based class to declare it an installed app. Replace INSTALLED_APPS's 'base' declaration with 'base.apps.BaseConfig'.

base/apps.py

AppConfig

INSTALLED_APPS

'base'

'base.apps.BaseConfig'

3. Rework your settings.BASE_DIR variable

settings.BASE_DIR

Typically, the file path to a Django project's settings file is projectname/settings.py but for separated settings it's projectname/settings/<env_name>.py.

projectname/settings.py

projectname/settings/<env_name>.py

Therefore, BASE_DIR needs to be reworked from:

BASE_DIR

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


to:

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))


to account for the extra directory between your project root and your settings file.

4. Migrate models

Perform ./manage.py makemigrations && ./manage.py migrate.

./manage.py makemigrations && ./manage.py migrate

Also, as a side-note, migrations directories shouldn't be in .gitignore. Read: Should I be adding the Django migration files in the .gitignore file?

migrations

.gitignore

And with that I was able to run the below script, at the root of the Django project, without error:

import os
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "DzenanElvir.settings.base")
import django

django.setup()
from base.models import ModelRazred


I see two issues in the current project structure.

AppConfig

As the other answer suggested correctly, you need to provide an AppConfig subclass to register your application; see Configuring applications section in Django docs.

AppConfig

However, having an apps package for namespace declarations is totally fine, especially if you plan to have multiple apps; in fact, this is what Django does itself, bundling all batteries apps under the django.contrib namespace. At my work, we also use common namespaces to organize Django apps: mycompany.internal.someapp, mycompany.customers.otherapp etc.

apps

django.contrib

mycompany.internal.someapp

mycompany.customers.otherapp

So you don't need to move the files. Just reference the apps.base correctly: create a file apps/base/apps.py with the content:

apps.base

apps/base/apps.py

# apps/base/apps.py
from django.apps import AppConfig


class MyBaseAppConfig(AppConfig):
name = 'apps.base'


Now reference the created config class of the app apps.base in the settings:

apps.base

# DzenanElvir/settings/base.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [
...
# Local apps
'apps.base.apps.MyBaseAppConfig',
]


apps

So you declared the apps package (by placing an__init__.py file in the apps dir). However, you never use the package, instead fiddling the sys.path by adding the apps dir to it. If the app should be importable under apps.base, remove the path fiddling line in the DzenanElvir/settings.base.py:

apps

__init__.py

apps

sys.path

apps

apps.base

DzenanElvir/settings.base.py

# remove this line:
path.append(os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, "apps"))


and use the right imports throughout the app, replacing:

from .models

from apps.base.models

from .forms

from apps.base.forms

from .pregledView

from apps.base.pregledView

from .postsView

from apps.base.postsView

Also, don't forget to replace

urlpatterns = [
url(r'', include('base.urls')),
...
]


with

urlpatterns = [
url(r'', include('apps.base.urls')),
...
]


in DzenanElvir/urls.py and you should be good to go.

DzenanElvir/urls.py

contrib

contrib

startproject

startapp

I've once again git clone'd your Django project's repository and got it working, without having to rework your project's structure, by doing the following:

git clone

1. Rework your settings.BASE_DIR variable

settings.BASE_DIR

Typically, the file path to a Django project's settings file is projectname/settings.py but for separated settings it's projectname/settings/<env_name>.py.

projectname/settings.py

projectname/settings/<env_name>.py

Therefore, BASE_DIR needs to be reworked from:

BASE_DIR

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


to:

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))


to account for the extra directory between your project root and your settings file.

2. Change app declaration in INSTALLED_APPS:

INSTALLED_APPS

Your app's dotted location from BASE_DIR is apps.base. Replace the current declaration, base, with apps.base.

BASE_DIR

apps.base

base

apps.base

3. Migrate models

Perform ./manage.py makemigrations && ./manage.py migrate.

./manage.py makemigrations && ./manage.py migrate

Also, as a side-note, migrations directories shouldn't be in .gitignore. Read: Should I be adding the Django migration files in the .gitignore file?

migrations

.gitignore

And with that I was able to run the below script, at the root of the Django project, without error:

import os
import django

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "DzenanElvir.settings.base")
django.setup()
from apps.base.models import ModelRazred


ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'base'

base

apps.base

RuntimeError: Model class base.models.ModelRazred doesn't declare an explicit app_label and isn't in an application in INSTALLED_APPS.

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